Health News
November 3, 2010
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A cure for the common cold could be getting closer, researchers say.
Cambridge University scientists say they've discovered a protein inside human cells that boosts the cell's ability to kill cold and other viruses, including those that cause gastroenteritis, according to a report in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
That could lead to new types of antiviral drugs, though they caution we're still years away from a possible cold cure.
Dealing with the common cold has been difficult, in part because about 200 viruses are known to cause colds.
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5 Supplements That Could Help Ward Off the Flu
With winter cold and flu season fast approaching, you may be looking for an edge in boosting immunity.
While there is no guarantee that any product--drug, vitamin or supplement--will prevent the flu, there is a lot of very interesting research on how dietary supplements could help reduce the chances of getting flu symptoms.
I believe that the knowledge scientists have discovered about how dietary supplements can help build immune function is quite compelling, and should be made more widely available to the public.
But according to a recent article in The American Journal of Medicine, most doctors still need more education on the use of dietary supplements. So here is a jumping off point to start the conversation with your doctor.
5 Supplements That Could Help Ward Off the Flu
1) NAC (N-acetylcysteine)
An amino acid and an antioxidant, NAC is sold as a nutritional supplement. NAC has also been used medically for the past 50 years to loosen mucus in patients with chronic bronchitis and to protect the liver in cases of poisoning with acetaminophen (Tylenol and other brands). NAC is needed for production of glutathione, the most important antioxidant produced by the cells of your body.
An amino acid and an antioxidant, NAC is sold as a nutritional supplement. NAC has also been used medically for the past 50 years to loosen mucus in patients with chronic bronchitis and to protect the liver in cases of poisoning with acetaminophen (Tylenol and other brands). NAC is needed for production of glutathione, the most important antioxidant produced by the cells of your body.
NAC was shown in an Italian study to help prevent symptoms of H1N1 flu in almost two-thirds of the people taking it, when compared to a placebo. (1)
In the Italian study, people received either a placebo or NAC 600 milligrams twice a day for six months. During this time, a little over a quarter of all these people developed antibodies to the H1N1 flu strain in circulation, indicating that they had become infected with the virus.
Among the people receiving the placebo, 79 percent developed symptoms of flu. Among the people taking NAC, only 25 percent developed symptoms.
In addition, the symptoms that developed were significantly milder in the group taking NAC. And there was a significant improvement in measures of immune function in the NAC group compared to the placebo group over the 6 months of the study.
NAC is one of my favorite supplements, not only for flu prevention and improving respiratory health, but for supporting the actions of medications.
When I started working on a web application that highlights drug-supplement interactions, I found that NAC has been shown to enhance effectiveness of several types of medication, including drugs used in treating high blood pressure, depression and inflammatory bowel disease.
To learn more about how drugs and supplements interact, access the web application I created atwww.pilladvised.com.
2) Vitamin D
Not only important for calcium absorption and bone health, Vitamin D also stimulates your immune system to produce factors called defensins and cathelicidins that kill viruses.
Most of the Vitamin D in our bodies comes from sunlight, so there is marked seasonal variation in Vitamin D levels, with higher levels occurring during the summer and lowest levels in winter.
Not only important for calcium absorption and bone health, Vitamin D also stimulates your immune system to produce factors called defensins and cathelicidins that kill viruses.
Most of the Vitamin D in our bodies comes from sunlight, so there is marked seasonal variation in Vitamin D levels, with higher levels occurring during the summer and lowest levels in winter.
Many researchers have speculated that the increased risk of colds and flu in winter is due to the decline of Vitamin D levels that accompanies the decrease in sun exposure.
In one controlled study, use of Vitamin D supplementation by postmenopausal women helped to prevent the usual winter increase in cold and flu symptoms. (2) The dose used was 800 or more international units a day of vitamin D3. In this study, the protective effect of 2000 IUs/day was greater than the effect of 800 IUs a day.
In one controlled study, use of Vitamin D supplementation by postmenopausal women helped to prevent the usual winter increase in cold and flu symptoms. (2) The dose used was 800 or more international units a day of vitamin D3. In this study, the protective effect of 2000 IUs/day was greater than the effect of 800 IUs a day.
3) American Ginseng (Panax cinquefolium)
American ginseng (Panax cinquefolium) is an herb with immune stimulating effects.
American ginseng (Panax cinquefolium) is an herb with immune stimulating effects.
According to research, taking an extract of American ginseng during the winter could help decrease the development of colds and other respiratory symptoms.
In a controlled study among elderly adults, taking an extract of American ginseng, 200 milligrams twice a day, for three months, decreased acquisition of influenza infection by 84 percent. (3)
In the placebo group, 7 percent developed a new influenza infection (confirmed by laboratory testing); in the American ginseng group only 1 person out of 97 (1 percent) developed an influenza infection. American ginseng also decreased the development of other respiratory viral infection in the study participants.
Note: All these people had been vaccinated for influenza.
4 and 5) Zinc and Selenium
The minerals zinc and selenium have significant effects on immune function.
The minerals zinc and selenium have significant effects on immune function.
A study done in France found that seniors who took 20 milligrams of zinc and 100 micrograms of selenium each day had an increase in their antibody response to the flu vaccine and were less likely to develop a respiratory infection over a two-year period. (4)
However, people in this study taking a combination of Vitamin E, Vitamin C and beta-carotene actually had an undesirable decrease in their antibody response when compared to placebo. When the two were combined, the negative effect of the vitamins was offset by the positive effects on the minerals.
All these studies were done in elderly individuals, because this is the group at greatest risk of serious illness or death from influenza. But the benefits of these supplements for preventing winter respiratory infections are likely to occur for adults in other age groups.
Staying Healthy This Winter
The results of these controlled clinical trials published in mainstream medical journals indicate that judicious use of nutritional supplements could help decrease the risk of getting sick with flu this winter. According to the research sources, they exert a protective effect above and beyond the potential benefits of the flu vaccine in preventing symptoms of flu.
Now I'd like to hear from you...
What do you do to stay healthy in the winter?
Do you take dietary supplements, and do they help?
Does your doctor provide good advice for prevention?
Please let me know your thoughts by posting a comment below.
Best Health,
Leo Galland, MD
Leo Galland, M.D. is an internist practicing in New York City and the Director of the Foundation for Integrated Medicine. Dr. Galland is the founder of Pill Advised, an online health application for learning about medications, supplements and food. Sign up for FREE to discover how your medications and vitamins interact. Watch his videos on YouTube and join the Pill AdvisedFacebook page.
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References:
1) Eur Respir J. 1997 Jul;10(7):1535-41. Attenuation of influenza-like symptomatology and improvement of cell-mediated immunity with long-term N-acetylcysteine treatment." De Flora S, Grassi C, Carati L.
2) Epidemiol Infect. 2006 Dec;134(6):1129-40. "Epidemic influenza and vitamin D" .Cannell JJ, Vieth R, Umhau JC, Holick MF, Grant WB, Madronich S, Garland CF, Giovannucci E.
3) J Am Geriatr Soc. 2004 Jan;52(1):13-9. "A placebo-controlled trial of a proprietary extract of North American ginseng (CVT-E002) to prevent acute respiratory illness in institutionalized older adults." McElhaney JE, Gravenstein S, Cole SK, Davidson E, O'neill D, Petitjean S, Rumble B, Shan JJ.
4) Arch Intern Med. 1999 Apr 12;159(7):748-54."Impact of trace elements and vitamin supplementation on immunity and infections in institutionalized elderly patients: a randomized controlled trial. MIN. VIT. AOX. geriatric network." Girodon F, Galan P, Monget AL, Boutron-Ruault MC, Brunet-Lecomte P, Preziosi P, Arnaud J, Manuguerra JC, Herchberg S.
This information is provided for general educational purposes only and is not intended to constitute (i) medical advice or counseling, (ii) the practice of medicine or the provision of health care diagnosis or treatment, (iii) or the creation of a physician--patient relationship. If you have or suspect that you have a medical problem, contact your doctor promptly.
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